Preferreds Weekly Review: Pricing Inefficiencies Continue To Persist

This article was first released to Systematic Income subscribers and free trials on June 18.

Welcome to another installment of our Preferreds Market Weekly Review, where we discuss preferred stock and baby bond market activity from both the bottom-up, highlighting individual news and events, as well as top-down, providing an overview of the broader market. We also try to add some historical context as well as relevant themes that look to be driving markets or that investors ought to be mindful of. This update covers the period through the third week of June.

Be sure to check out our other weekly updates covering the business development company (“BDC”) as well as the closed-end fund (“CEF”) markets for perspectives across the broader income space.

Market Action

Preferreds were relatively flat this week as higher Treasury yields were offset by tighter credit spreads. Month-to-date, most sectors are up, led by Tech shares – in line with what’s happening with the common share market.

While overall yields are attractive, credit spreads remain tighter than we would like given the Fed is not done raising rates and most macro indicators outside of the labor market are in recession territory.

Market Themes

As many income investors are aware, the exchange-traded senior securities market is not totally efficient. In this section, we highlight a couple of cases where the pricing in the senior security suite of the same issuer (B. Riley Financial in this exercise) is not totally rational. This pattern suggests that investors have to be careful gauging value across the entire suite of senior securities, as the value on offer in the same suite of securities can vary widely.

Let’s kick off with the Riley baby bond yields, which are shown in the chart below. Here we see that the shortest bond maturing in May-2024 (RILYO) has a 8.6% yield while the Feb-2025 bond (RILYM) has a yield of close to 14.3% which is roughly in line with the rest of the bonds.

This yield gap of 5.7% for 9 additional months seems very large, particularly in the context of an inverted yield curve. Translating yields into credit spreads, we get a credit spread of 3.4% for RILYO and a credit spread of 9.6% for RILYM. In other words, RILYO is trading as a BB- rated bond, while RILYM trades as a CCC-rated bond. In other words, based on historical default rates, RILYO has an implied default probability of around 1% while RILYM has an implied default probability of 10-15%. It seems odd for the company’s default probability to jump by an order of magnitude over the second half of 2024 from a very low level.

What’s likely happening here is that investors who like the high Riley bond yields are flocking to RILYO as they view the short-term maturity as money good. However, they are clearly not being appropriately rewarded for taking exposure to the company for close to a full year.

Another possible explanation for this yield divergence is that investors are looking at current yields rather than yields-to-maturity. Current yields will be much more compressed relative to each other, as the following chart shows, however they obviously disregard the pull-to-par.

The second pattern we noticed recently is that the Riley preferreds are trading at unusually low yields relative to the Riley bonds.

If preferreds yields were only slightly above their bond counterparts, that might have been justified with the view that financial companies tend to have ultra-low recoveries. This is because they don’t have many hard assets and carry very high leverage.

According to this view, it doesn’t matter a whole lot whether you are holding preferred shares or senior unsecured bonds. For example, the initial recovery on Lehman Brothers bonds was only around 9 cents on the dollar (revised higher after the actual windup of the business a decade later), not much more from where preferreds would have recovered (i.e. a goose egg).

We are somewhat sympathetic to this view, however in the case of Riley securities preferreds yields are below bond yields which is clearly the wrong way around.

The possible explanation here is that, once again, investors are looking at current yields. Alternatively, the preferreds and baby bond markets are somewhat bifurcated and many preferreds investors don’t pay much attention to baby bonds, despite the fact that they trade on the exchange exactly like the preferreds.

This correspondence between preferred and bonds in RILY is not an unusual one-off. We have seen similar discrepancies between bond and preferred yields in mREIT Arlington Asset and CEF Equity senior securities such as OXLC, among others.

Overall, this suggests that investors should look across the entire suite of senior securities to make sure they are earning good value on their capital.

Market Commentary

A subscriber asked about the proposed AAIC and EFC merger that we wrote about recently and whether we liked the AAIC or EFC preferreds here.

Earlier, we would have said to favor (AAIC.PC) given its attractive yield and high spread over the short-term rate, however we are now beginning to lean towards (EFC.PC).

AAIC.PC will convert to a floating-rate in March of next year, unless redeemed. If not redeemed, its yield is expected to be quite a bit above that of EFC.PC based on forward rates for a few years until EFC itself resets. Over the longer-term, EFC.PC will likely deliver a higher yield as the yield curve disinverts. Its link to the 5Y CMT (constant maturity Treasury) yield is also attractive as a diversifier to the majority of Fix/Float preferreds that are linked to short-term rates. AAIC.PC could deliver a price pop if it survives past its first call date, however, in that case we would switch over to EFC.PC